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CASE REPORT |
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Year : 2019 | Volume
: 35
| Issue : 2 | Page : 219-221 |
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Ectopic third molar in maxillary sinus: an asymptomatic accidental finding
Mitra Karbasi Kheir1, Mahnaz Sheikhi2
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Torabinejad Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Date of Submission | 02-Oct-2018 |
Date of Acceptance | 25-Oct-2018 |
Date of Web Publication | 12-Apr-2019 |
Correspondence Address: Mitra Karbasi Kheir Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arqavanieh, Jey St, Isfahan Iran
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ejo.ejo_80_18
Ectopic tooth eruption in maxillary sinus is rare. Ectopic eruption in maxillary sinus usually causes sinonasal or ophthalmic symptoms, but asymptomatic cases are less reported. A 26-year-old man was referred to take a presurgical implant cone beam computed tomography of his anterior part of maxilla. The cone beam computed tomography projections showed an accidental finding of ectopic maxillary third molar in the posterior portion of left maxillary sinus. The patient did not report any history of swelling or pain. Although the patient was asymptomatic, the impacted tooth was removed because of the tendency of untreated impacted teeth to form cyst or tumor. The tooth was removed through Caldwell-Luc procedure.
Keywords: ectopic, eruption, maxillary sinus
How to cite this article: Kheir MK, Sheikhi M. Ectopic third molar in maxillary sinus: an asymptomatic accidental finding. Egypt J Otolaryngol 2019;35:219-21 |
How to cite this URL: Kheir MK, Sheikhi M. Ectopic third molar in maxillary sinus: an asymptomatic accidental finding. Egypt J Otolaryngol [serial online] 2019 [cited 2024 Mar 28];35:219-21. Available from: http://www.ejo.eg.net/text.asp?2019/35/2/219/255955 |
Introduction | | |
Ectopic tooth eruption in nondental areas is an uncommon phenomenon. Ectopic development of teeth in nondental areas has been reported in the nasal cavity, nasal septum, chin, maxillary sinus, mandibular bone, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, palate, and orbital cavity. Maxillary teeth in maxillary sinus may cause sinusitis or sometimes result in ophthalmic symptoms. However, this condition may be found accidentally via radiographic examination [1],[2].
Case report | | |
A 26-year-old man referred to us to take presurgical implant cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of his anterior part of the maxilla. The CBCT projections showed an accidental finding of ectopic impaction of the third maxillary molar. A developed ectopic maxillary third molar was seen in the posterior portion of the left maxillary sinus ([Figure 1]). The patient did not report any history of swelling or pain. Coronal and axial views revealed the lateral position of the impacted tooth in relation to lateral pterygoid plate and attachment of the cortical crypt of the ectopic impacted tooth to the posterior-lateral wall of maxillary sinus ([Figure 2] and [Figure 3]). The morphology of the ectopic tooth revealed a normal shape and size and a complete root formation. There were not any radiological and clinical pathologies regarding the tooth. There were no signs of chronic sinusitis like mucosal thickening owing to the impacted tooth. The maxillary sinus ostium was open. | Figure 1 Ectopic maxillary third molar in the left maxillary sinus (orange arrow). Technique: cone beam CT scan (Sirona Orthophos, GALILEOS, version 1.7. 85 kVp and 10–42 mA) panorama view.
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| Figure 2 Ectopic maxillary third molar in the posterior portion of left maxillary sinus (white asterisk). The attachment of the cortical crypt of ectopic impacted tooth to the posterior-lateral wall of maxillary sinus (orange arrow). Technique: cone beam CT scan (Sirona Orthophos, GALILEOS, version 1.7. 85 kVp and 10–42 mA, 1 mm slice thickness) coronal plane.
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| Figure 3 Ectopic maxillary third molar in the posterior portion of left maxillary sinus (orange arrow). Technique: cone beam CT scan (Sirona Orthophos, GALILEOS, version 1.7. 85 kVp and 10–42 mA, 1 mm slice thickness) axial plane.
Click here to view |
Although the patient was asymptomatic, the impacted tooth was removed because of the tendency of the untreated impacted teeth to form cyst or tumor. The tooth was removed through the Caldwell-Luc procedure. A sulcular incision was made from the first molar to the lateral incisor, a bony window was created in the anterior wall of maxillary sinus, and the tooth was removed.
Discussion | | |
Etiology and demographics
The ectopic eruption may emerge because of developmental disturbance, pathological processes like large cysts, which displace tooth buds to other areas, and iatrogenic activity [3]. Development of a tooth is the result of interaction between the oral epithelium and the underlying mesenchymal tissue. Abnormal interaction during odontogenesis at any stage may lead to ectopic tooth development and eruption [2].
Clinical and imaging findings
Ectopic eruption of a tooth within in the dentate area is often observed in clinical practice, being more prevalent in the mandible and among females. Incisors, canines, and premolars are the most influenced teeth [4]. However, the ectopic eruption in the nonodontogenic area is rare. One such rare area is maxillary sinus. Ectopic eruption of molars, canines, premolars, tooth-like structures and odontoma in maxillary sinus has already been reported. Among them, molar teeth, especially third molars, are more responsible for an ectopic eruption in maxillary sinus [1]. The ectopic eruption in maxillary sinus may cause sinonasal symptoms, more frequently owing to recurrent or chronic sinusitis, or may result in ophthalmic symptoms. Some of these symptoms include a headache, facial pain, swelling, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, epiphora, rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and orbital proptosis [1]. On the contrary, some asymptomatic cases may be discovered accidentally without any symptoms. In the present case, an ectopic maxillary third molar was located in the posterior portion of left maxillary sinus, and the patient was asymptomatic. Molar teeth have been reported to be the most frequent cause of asymptomatic ectopic tooth eruption of the maxillary sinus in similar case reports, whose location has been found in the medial wall and the roof of maxillary sinus [3],[5],[6],[7],[8]. An asymptomatic ectopic erupted canine was reported on the floor of maxillary sinus [9]. Different locations have been reported for symptomatic ectopic erupted teeth in maxillary sinus [3],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19]. Accordingly, it seems that the location of the ectopic erupted tooth in maxillary sinus does not play an important role in creating the patients’ symptoms but is probably a contributing factor involved in the development of symptoms.
Ectopic tooth eruption in maxillary sinus can be diagnosed radiographically by plain sinus radiographs and axial and coronal sections of computed tomography (CT). CT scan can reveal the location of the ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus, the relation of the tooth with the sinus walls and the lesions associated with the impacted tooth. In addition, a CT scan provides the possibility of differentiation between the intra-antral or extra-antral lesions and contributes to choosing an appropriate treatment plan [3],[20]. CBCT provides a three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary sinus with a lower patient dose than a CT scan. Thus, it can be a good substitute to detect and plan the treatment of ectopic tooth eruption in the maxillary sinus.
Differential diagnoses
Foreign bodies (rhinoliths); infections like syphilis, tuberculosis, or fungal infections with calcification; and lesions such as hemangioma, osteoma, enchondroma, calcified polyp, dermoid cysts or tumors, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma are considered for the differential diagnosis of the ectopic tooth [1].
Treatment and prognosis
The treatment of choice for an ectopic tooth in maxillary sinus is usually surgical removal because if it is left untreated, it will probably form a cyst or tumor [21]. Dentigerous cysts, the most prevalent types of all dental follicular cysts, involve the crown of a permanent impacted, embedded, or unerupted tooth [2],[10],[22]. Beriat et al. [1] showed that third maxillary molar is responsible for most of the ectopic eruption in the maxillary sinus. Surgical removal through Caldwell-Luc procedure has frequently been suggested for the treatment of ectopic eruption in the maxillary sinus, allowing a direct view into maxillary sinus [20]. Other surgical methods like endoscopic surgery, enucleation, and marsupialization are used for this condition with less frequency [1]. In some asymptomatic cases, regular follow-ups have been considered [4],[5].
To sum up, asymptomatic ectopic tooth in maxillary sinus is rare. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for this condition because of the tendency of untreated impacted teeth to form cyst or tumor. The Caldwell-Luc procedure is more common.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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